In fact, it has been described as one of the 100 worst invasive species worldwide lowe et al. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Dermestidae 2 by commerce into some areas of similar climatic conditions anonymous 1981. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, is one of.
Biology and control of the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium, a. Khapra beetle trogoderma granarium considered one of the most destructive pests that has great economic importance because. This document is eeny372 originally published as dpi entomology circular. This insect has been recognized among the first 100 of the worlds worst invaders. Influence of different grain storage types on khapra. Discriminating features of trogoderma granarium larvae. Trogoderma granarium is synanthropic associated with man or with human dwellings. Its northern most range extends to the 35 parallel and to the equator to the south. Bioassays and methodologies for insecticide tests with larvae of.
Tribolium castaneum, causes 1520% losses in various stored commodities of worth of millions of rupees every year in a developing country like pakistan perveen and khan, 2014. Save map as png save map as svg save list as excel file save list as csv file. Research work revealed that stored grain pests pose serious threats to stored food commodities and cause economic losses. Trogoderma granarium, the khapra beetle, is a small beetle 23 mm in size, oval in shape, brown to brownishblack in color with the body densely clothed in yellowish hairs. Dermestidae, infestation in southeastern anatolia turkey and its resistance to malathion and deltamethrin 2 introduction southeastern anatolia is one of the important production areas for cereals in turkey. Pdf identification of the immature stages of trogoderma.
Trogoderma granarium is native to an area extending from burma to west africa. Susceptibility of adults and larvae of trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. There has been considerable increase in its consumption due to intensive population increase belderok et al. Dermestidae on various barley cultivars volume 107 issue 5 a. Key to species of trogoderma of south carolina adapted from beal 1954, 1956, downie and arnett 1996, and bugguide 1 dorsal surface mottled with pale blotches of. Interception of trogoderma granarium in personal effects from pakistan the miami agriculture task force intercepted trogodermagranariumin a shipment of cicersp. To file a complaint of discrimination, write to usda, director, office of civil rights, 1400 independence avenue, sw. Trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera dermestidae t. Its great economic importance is due to its capability to cause huge loss in stored grains through voracious feeding and heating of grains, in larval ability to withstand starvation for up to 3. Khapra beetle trogoderma granarium is a serious pest of stored grain and dry foodstuffs worldwide. Khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts edis university of. The larvae are 56 mm in length and covered in spearheaded hairs.
Trogoderma granarium is considered one of the world most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. Ten newly emerged adults irrespective of sex were kept separately in a. Dermestidae is a stored product pest of great importance. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. They can feed on products with as little as 2% moisture content and can develop on animal matter such as dead mice, dried blood and. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts hilgardia. The trogoderma granarium everts belongs to family dermestidae and order coleopteran and is a worlds most destructive stored grain pest. The adult is a small oval pubescent, yellowish to reddish brown beetle, about 1.
The origin of insect is stated to be india and was first reported from punjab and haryana states. Review of khapra beetle trogoderma granarium everts. Dp 3 diagnostic protocols for regulated pests dp 32 international plant protection convention 1. Life cycle mated females live 47 days, while unmated females live from 2030 days.
The biology of the dermestid beetles, trogoderma granarium. Usda is an equal opportunity provider and employer. This study investigated the influence of khapra beetle trogoderma. However, the leaves of both tree species were picked fresh just one week before the commencement of the bioassay experiments, and dried under shade. It is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. The number of larval instars was examined and studied by direct counting of larval moults under the highpower microscope. The number of recorded intercepts and eradications of khapra beetle trogoderma granarium have increased in australia and the united states in recent years. Pest information trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Pdf susceptibility of adults and larvae of trogoderma. Infested grain also becomes contaminated with beetles, cast skins and hairs from larvae, which can be a health risk and are. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, a serious pest of stored grains and other food products in india and elsewhere, has recently been found in 23 counties of california, arizona, and new mexico. Both adult and larva cause damage to the grains by chewing a hole and eating up kernel.
Trogoderma granarium troggadocuments eppo global database. Pdf studies on biology of khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium evert coleoptera. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page.
Insects in this group are very difficult to identify and probably should be submitted to an expert for determination. University of florida, university of florida, institute of food and agricultural sciences extension. Khapra beetle trogoderma granarium everts, 1898 in durum. Trogoderma granarium, the khapra beetle zoology for ias. Its economic importance lies not only in the serious damage it can cause to stored dry commodities but. Life cycle, morphometrics and damage assessment of the khapra beetle 7 stage by daily observation. In fact, it has been nominated as one of the 100 worst invasive species worldwide lowe et al. It is especially prevalent in certain areas of the middle east, africa, and south asia and is also found in certain specialized warm habitats in temperate countries. Biology and control of trogoderma granarium everts1 journal.
Morphometric analysis and reproductive system studies of. Dec 11, 2018 trogoderma granarium was the dominant species 82,10% of insect pests recorded from cereals grains. Morphometric analysis and reproductive system studies of trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Khapra beetle trogoderma granarium considered one of the most destructive pests that has great economic importance because of starvation capability for three years and has best survival rate at low humidity. Pm100221 phosphine fumigation of stored products to control. The warehouse beetle tends to be very active and can develop at a rapid rate. Stored product pests warehouse beetle trogoderma variabile ballion.
Trogoderma granarium can reach high infestation rates in wheat. Origin trogoderma granarium is native to an area extending from burma to west africa. Feeding performance and life table parameters of khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Photograph by annesophie roy, european and mediterranean plant protection organization. Dermestidae is a very destructive pest of stored agricultural products and one of the most important quarantine insect pests worldwide. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Its ability to survive for long periods under extreme conditions facilitates its spread through international commerce, which has led to invasions of new geographic regions. Serious pest of stored wheat, groundnut and other grains, such as maize, rice, oat, jowar and occasionally pulses. Pdf biology of trogoderma granarium everts on wheat grain. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium, is a voracious feeder of stored products and is considered one of the most important quarantine pests globally. Hairs on the dorsal surface are easily rubbed off giving the beetle a shiny appearance. Trogoderma species, it is the most commonly found in dried grains and other stored foods but is also found in homes and museums. Warehouse beetles, unlike the khapra beetle, can fly.
Distribution and establishment of trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Distribution of trogoderma granarium everts and other stored grain insect pests in punjab and losses caused by them. Media in category trogoderma granarium the following 5 files are in this category, out of 5 total. Jul 10, 2009 the status of trogoderma granarium everts and t.
Khapra beetle trogoderma granarium is designated as a quarantine insect pest worldwide due to its voracious feeding on stored grains. Chemical constituents and insecticidal activity of the. Khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts insecta. Dermestidae, is the most widely distributed and the primary destructive insect pest of stored products in tropical regions howe, 1965. New approaches for tackling the khapra beetle request pdf. It can be found in warehouses, mills, breweries and malt factories. Electronic data information source publicaton eeny372 in667. It can cause losses of up to 75% from direct feeding. Influence of different grain storage types on khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, 1898 coleoptera.
Seema gupta, ruchika kataria and sathyanarayana n plant biosecurity division, national institute of plant health management, hyderabad,500030. Dermestidae is a serious pest of stored grains and stored products. However, trogoderma granarium prefer grain and cereal products, particularly wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize, rice, flour, malt and noodles. Australian outbreak of the warehouse beetle trogoderma variabile in 1977 1993. Dermestidae to entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae metsch. Key to species of trogoderma of south carolina adapted from beal 1954, 1956, downie and arnett 1996, and bugguide 1 dorsal surface mottled with pale blotches of setae, without discrete bands or loops. Trogoderma granarium everts introduction the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, is one of the worlds most feared storedproduct pests. They are found in grain stores, food stores, malthouses, seed processing plants fodder production plants, dried milk factories, merchant stores, stores of packing materials used sacks, bags, crates. It is supposed to be a major pest of wheat in indian subcontinent and also in some of the western countries like usa, uk and germany. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in.
Trogoderma granarium will feed on most dried plant or animal matter. Khapra beetle simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Adult, larva, and larval skins of the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, and the damage caused by the larvae. Trogoderma granarium notes on taxonomy and nomenclature top of page the family dermestidae contains a number of species that are pests of stored products, the most serious of which is t. Infested grain also becomes contaminated with beetles, cast skins and hairs from larvae, which can. Insecticidal activities of two meliaceous plants against trogoderma granarium 697 from the ground after being dropped under neem trees during the fruiting period juneaugust. Development of insecticidal resistance and its ability to withstand starvation for longer time makes it one of the most destructive arthropod for stored products. Khapra beetle national invasive species information. Trogoderma is a genus of beetles in the family dermestidae, the skin beetles. Department of agricultures animal and plant health inspection service aphis has established restrictions on the importation of commercial and noncommercial shipments of rice, soybeans, cicer species e. Trogoderma granarium everts, the khapra beetle, is one of the most destructive stored.
The khapra beetle trogoderma granarium, which originated in south asia, is one of the worlds most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. Females are often twice the size of males and often lighter in color. The state department of agriculture is conducting an eradication program against it in california. Infestations are difficult to control because of the insects ability to survive without food for long periods, its preference for dry conditions and lowmoisture food, and its. Trogoderma granarium everts international plant protection convention hungry pests campaign, usda aphis animal and plant health inspection service species profile khapra beetle trogoderma granarium, national invasive species information center, united states national agricultural library. Biology and control of the khapra beetle, trogoderma. This document is eeny372 originally published as dpi entomology circular 262, one of a series of the department of entomology and nematology, ufifas extension. So, biological control on trogoderma granarium is described.
In bag stores, the first signs of infestation are masses of hairy cast larval skins, which gradually push out from the crevices between sacks. Contents page key to larvae of nearctic species of trogoderma 3 descriptions and discussions of larvae of trogodei ma species 4 trogoderma granarium everts 4 trogoderma glabrum herbst 6 trogoderma irroratum reitter 7 trogoderma teukton beal 9 trogoderma inclusum leconte 11 trogoderma parahile beal h trogoderma sinistrum fall 15. Larvae are approximately 14 inch 78 mm long and vary in color from a yellowwhite to dark brown, depending on age. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. It thrives on hot, dry conditions and has proved exceptionally difficult to control. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, is one of the worlds most feared storedproduct pests. Geographic distribution of khapra beetle, trogoderma. Biology and behavior eggs are laid singly and are deposited loosely in processed. Feeding performance and life table parameters of khapra. The biscuit beetle trogoderma granarium, also called cabinet beetle, which originated in south asia, is one of the worlds most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. These three pests are most common, notorious and distructive pests of wheat as. Biology and control of trogoderma granarium everts1. Pdf khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Identification of the immature stages of trogoderma granarium khapra beetle.
Its economic importance lies not only in the serious damage it can cause to stored dry commodities, but also in the export restrictions faced by countries when they have established populations of this pest. Trogoderma inclusum, the larger cabinet beetle, is a species of carpet beetle in the family dermestidae. Khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium interceptions and. Geographic distribution of khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium, by location as recorded in six publications location eppo2016 australia2016 myers2012 spires2009 french2005 banks1977 afghanistan 5 present, no details afghanistan afghanistan afghanistan present, flourishes certain areas.
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